Политическая система Великобритании – UK Political System

Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии — конституционная монархия. Власть королевы, Елизаветы II, не абсолютна. Эта власть ограничена парламентом. Законодательная власть — парламент — состоит из палаты лордов и палаты общин. Исполнительная власть состоит из центрального правительства, то есть премьер-министра и кабинета министров, которые несут ответственность за принятие решений и управление государственной политикой. Судебная власть независима как от законодательной, так и от исполнительной власти. Правительству власть предоставляется избранной палатой общин. Всеобщие выборы депутатов палаты общин должны проводиться не реже одного раза в пять лет. Правительство обычно формируется политической партией, поддержанной большинством в палате общин. Лидер этой партии назначается королевой на пост премьер-министра и набирает команду министров. Вторая наиболее влиятельная партия становится официальной оппозицией со своим лидером и «теневым кабинетом». Членство в палате лордов — наследственное. В Великобритании нет официальной конституции, только

обычаи и традиции.

Перевод на английский:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. The power of Queen Elizabeth II is not absolute. It is limited by Parliament. The legislative body, Parliament, consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The executive body consists of the central Government — that is the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy. The judiciary body is independent of both the legislative and the executive ones. The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. General elections, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in tho House of Commons. The leader of the party is appointed the Prime Minister by the Queen and chooses a team of ministers. The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with its own leader and «Shadow Cabinet». The House of Lords is a hereditary chamber. In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs and traditions.

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